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November 1, 2024
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9 minFREEWork Business CurioFree5 CQ
From the BBC World Service: A ban on Google’s flagship Pixel smartphone in Indonesia comes because the company failed to meet requirements for certain smartp...
From the BBC World Service: A ban on Google’s flagship Pixel smartphone in Indonesia comes because the company failed to meet requirements for certain smartp...
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FREEMind + Body Daily CurioFree1 CQ
Move over soup, there’s another fall comfort food in town. When the weather gets chilly, it’s hard to beat a plate of warm, stuffed pasta in flavorful sauce. Ravioli has mysterious origins and seemingly endless variations, but one thing’s for sure: it’s a dish that Italy is extremely proud of.
Ravioli is made from a simple combination of flour, eggs, and water, then stuffed with a variety of fillings. Traditionally, ravioli is cut into squares, but it can also come in round or semi-round varieties. Squash is sometimes used as a filling, as is cheese and spinach, or ground beef. Vegetable or meat fillings must be cooked before ravioli is boiled, since the pasta itself takes only minutes to cook. Squash ravioli is often served in butter or wine sauce, sometimes with pine nuts. Cheese and spinach ravioli often has cheese or pesto sauce, and ground beef ravioli is usually served in a hearty tomato sauce.
The word “ravioli” comes from the Italian word “riavvolgere”, meaning “to wrap.” The dish was first mentioned in writing in the 14th century, in the personal letters of merchant Francesco Datini, meaning that ravioli had likely been around for some time by then. In 1549, famed Italian chef Bartolomeo Scappi served ravioli to the papal conclave in Rome, as they gathered to select a new pope after the death of Pope Paul III. Afterward, the dish grew extremely popular in the Italian capital, and other Italian cities created their own varieties. Italians were some of the first people to serve pasta with tomato sauce, after tomatoes were brought to their country in 1548. Many other European countries were hesitant to cook with tomatoes, which are native to South America, because their bright red color led them to believe that the veggies were poisonous.
Ravioli was a popular Italian staple for centuries before it became standard fare in the U.S. It was helped along in the early 20th century by none other than chef Ettore Boiardi, better known as Chef Boyardee. After running a successful Italian restaurant in New York City, Boiardi launched his own brand of canned food products which endures to this day. One of his first products was canned ravioli with beef filling in tomato sauce, and it remains a Chef Boyardee staple. Before Italian restaurants were common across the U.S., many Americans’ first taste of ravioli came from a Chef Boyardee can. Hey, it’s tasty in any form.
[Image description: Ravioli with clear sauce and cheese in a wooden bowl.] Credit & copyright: Max Griss, PexelsMove over soup, there’s another fall comfort food in town. When the weather gets chilly, it’s hard to beat a plate of warm, stuffed pasta in flavorful sauce. Ravioli has mysterious origins and seemingly endless variations, but one thing’s for sure: it’s a dish that Italy is extremely proud of.
Ravioli is made from a simple combination of flour, eggs, and water, then stuffed with a variety of fillings. Traditionally, ravioli is cut into squares, but it can also come in round or semi-round varieties. Squash is sometimes used as a filling, as is cheese and spinach, or ground beef. Vegetable or meat fillings must be cooked before ravioli is boiled, since the pasta itself takes only minutes to cook. Squash ravioli is often served in butter or wine sauce, sometimes with pine nuts. Cheese and spinach ravioli often has cheese or pesto sauce, and ground beef ravioli is usually served in a hearty tomato sauce.
The word “ravioli” comes from the Italian word “riavvolgere”, meaning “to wrap.” The dish was first mentioned in writing in the 14th century, in the personal letters of merchant Francesco Datini, meaning that ravioli had likely been around for some time by then. In 1549, famed Italian chef Bartolomeo Scappi served ravioli to the papal conclave in Rome, as they gathered to select a new pope after the death of Pope Paul III. Afterward, the dish grew extremely popular in the Italian capital, and other Italian cities created their own varieties. Italians were some of the first people to serve pasta with tomato sauce, after tomatoes were brought to their country in 1548. Many other European countries were hesitant to cook with tomatoes, which are native to South America, because their bright red color led them to believe that the veggies were poisonous.
Ravioli was a popular Italian staple for centuries before it became standard fare in the U.S. It was helped along in the early 20th century by none other than chef Ettore Boiardi, better known as Chef Boyardee. After running a successful Italian restaurant in New York City, Boiardi launched his own brand of canned food products which endures to this day. One of his first products was canned ravioli with beef filling in tomato sauce, and it remains a Chef Boyardee staple. Before Italian restaurants were common across the U.S., many Americans’ first taste of ravioli came from a Chef Boyardee can. Hey, it’s tasty in any form.
[Image description: Ravioli with clear sauce and cheese in a wooden bowl.] Credit & copyright: Max Griss, Pexels
October 31, 2024
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8 minFREEWork Business CurioFree5 CQ
For some, spooky season means buying truckloads of candy or dusting off that 12-foot plastic skeleton in the basement. For others though, it’s time to get to...
For some, spooky season means buying truckloads of candy or dusting off that 12-foot plastic skeleton in the basement. For others though, it’s time to get to...
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FREEScience Nerdy CurioFree1 CQ
Strength in numbers is all well and good…until it’s not. According to a report published in Communications Biology, MIT and Norwegian oceanographers have managed to observe what may be the largest recorded predation event in the ocean which took place between two species of fish: cod and capelin. What made it possible, ironically, was the capelins’ own collective defense strategy. The capelin is a small species of fish that lives in the Arctic, and every year, billions of them swarm the Norwegian coast to spawn, where they’re joined by Atlantic cod that also migrate to the region. Per the observations by the oceanographers, the cod began shoaling, or forming into a large group, in response to the capelin gathering and descending into darker depths to spawn. While shoaling is normally a defensive behavior used by prey such as capelin, in this case, it only served to attract the attention of the cod and prompt them to gather together too. The result was a veritable massacre, with 2.5 million cod eating around 10 million capelin in just a few hours. This accounts for just 0.1 percent of the capelin population spawning in the region, but researchers believe that events like this might become larger in scale and more common due to climate change. As Arctic ice sheets retreat, the capelin will have to travel greater distances to spawn, exhausting them and leaving them more vulnerable to predators. This granular degree of observation was only possible thanks to the team’s Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) system, an acoustic imaging system that can detect individual fish and identify the species based on the distinct resonance of their swim bladders. Nicholas Makris, one of the MIT researchers, believes that this technology can help track similar predation events between other species, particularly those with declining populations. He said in a statement through MIT, "It's been shown time and again that when a population is on the verge of collapse, you will have that one last shoal. And when that last big, dense group is gone, there's a collapse. So you've got to know what's there before it's gone, because the pressures are not in their favor." There’s plenty of fish in the sea…for now.
[Image description: The ocean’s surface under a sunset] Credit & copyright: Sebastian Voortman, Pexels
Strength in numbers is all well and good…until it’s not. According to a report published in Communications Biology, MIT and Norwegian oceanographers have managed to observe what may be the largest recorded predation event in the ocean which took place between two species of fish: cod and capelin. What made it possible, ironically, was the capelins’ own collective defense strategy. The capelin is a small species of fish that lives in the Arctic, and every year, billions of them swarm the Norwegian coast to spawn, where they’re joined by Atlantic cod that also migrate to the region. Per the observations by the oceanographers, the cod began shoaling, or forming into a large group, in response to the capelin gathering and descending into darker depths to spawn. While shoaling is normally a defensive behavior used by prey such as capelin, in this case, it only served to attract the attention of the cod and prompt them to gather together too. The result was a veritable massacre, with 2.5 million cod eating around 10 million capelin in just a few hours. This accounts for just 0.1 percent of the capelin population spawning in the region, but researchers believe that events like this might become larger in scale and more common due to climate change. As Arctic ice sheets retreat, the capelin will have to travel greater distances to spawn, exhausting them and leaving them more vulnerable to predators. This granular degree of observation was only possible thanks to the team’s Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) system, an acoustic imaging system that can detect individual fish and identify the species based on the distinct resonance of their swim bladders. Nicholas Makris, one of the MIT researchers, believes that this technology can help track similar predation events between other species, particularly those with declining populations. He said in a statement through MIT, "It's been shown time and again that when a population is on the verge of collapse, you will have that one last shoal. And when that last big, dense group is gone, there's a collapse. So you've got to know what's there before it's gone, because the pressures are not in their favor." There’s plenty of fish in the sea…for now.
[Image description: The ocean’s surface under a sunset] Credit & copyright: Sebastian Voortman, Pexels
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FREEUS History Daily Curio #2970Free1 CQ
Happy Halloween! This year, we’re examining the history of The Amityville Horror and the real events behind the 1977 novel and hit 1979 horror film that it inspired. The real story of the supposedly haunted house begins with tragedy. On November 13, 1974, six members of the DeFeo family were murdered as they slept in their home at 112 Ocean Avenue, Amityville, New York. The sole surviving member of the family, Ronald “Butch” DeFeo Jr., was charged with the murders of his parents and four siblings. The trial made headlines across the U.S., and though DeFeo’s attorney used an insanity defense, DeFeo was convicted and sentenced to six consecutive life sentences. However, that’s as far as any of the DeFeos were directly involved in the lore of the Amityville house, which George and Kathy Lutz bought at a bargain. The couple and their three children moved into the house just a year after the murders and had the house blessed by a Catholic priest. According to the Lutz couple, the priest later called to inform them that he had heard a voice say, “get out” during the blessing, along with a warning to stay out of the master bedroom.
Soon after, the Lutz family supposedly started having hostile paranormal encounters. They claimed to see ghosts, and told stories of green slime seeping from the walls and carpet, along with strange, persistent odors. On January 14, 1976, just 28 days after moving in, the Lutz family fled the house and had movers retrieve their belongings. The Lutz family relayed their experiences to writer Jay Anson, who published The Amityville Horror in 1977. The book was adapted into a film of the same name in 1979. Of course, it was likely all too good (or horrible?) to be true. DeFeo’s attorney William Weber confessed during an interview that George Lutz made it all up, and despite the book claiming that the police were called on several occasions, there are records indicating otherwise. Anson also faced several lawsuits regarding the book’s truthfulness, and skeptics have pointed out that the Lutz family had a lot to gain by telling such a story, including $300,000 for the book deal. While there are still some die-hard believers, one thing is for sure: nothing the Lutz family purportedly went through was as horrifying as what actually happened on that November night in 1974.
[Image description: A map showing Amityville in yellow and surrounding areas in pink.] Credit & copyright: United States Census Bureau, Wikimedia Commons. This image or file is a work of a United States Census Bureau employee, taken or made as part of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain.Happy Halloween! This year, we’re examining the history of The Amityville Horror and the real events behind the 1977 novel and hit 1979 horror film that it inspired. The real story of the supposedly haunted house begins with tragedy. On November 13, 1974, six members of the DeFeo family were murdered as they slept in their home at 112 Ocean Avenue, Amityville, New York. The sole surviving member of the family, Ronald “Butch” DeFeo Jr., was charged with the murders of his parents and four siblings. The trial made headlines across the U.S., and though DeFeo’s attorney used an insanity defense, DeFeo was convicted and sentenced to six consecutive life sentences. However, that’s as far as any of the DeFeos were directly involved in the lore of the Amityville house, which George and Kathy Lutz bought at a bargain. The couple and their three children moved into the house just a year after the murders and had the house blessed by a Catholic priest. According to the Lutz couple, the priest later called to inform them that he had heard a voice say, “get out” during the blessing, along with a warning to stay out of the master bedroom.
Soon after, the Lutz family supposedly started having hostile paranormal encounters. They claimed to see ghosts, and told stories of green slime seeping from the walls and carpet, along with strange, persistent odors. On January 14, 1976, just 28 days after moving in, the Lutz family fled the house and had movers retrieve their belongings. The Lutz family relayed their experiences to writer Jay Anson, who published The Amityville Horror in 1977. The book was adapted into a film of the same name in 1979. Of course, it was likely all too good (or horrible?) to be true. DeFeo’s attorney William Weber confessed during an interview that George Lutz made it all up, and despite the book claiming that the police were called on several occasions, there are records indicating otherwise. Anson also faced several lawsuits regarding the book’s truthfulness, and skeptics have pointed out that the Lutz family had a lot to gain by telling such a story, including $300,000 for the book deal. While there are still some die-hard believers, one thing is for sure: nothing the Lutz family purportedly went through was as horrifying as what actually happened on that November night in 1974.
[Image description: A map showing Amityville in yellow and surrounding areas in pink.] Credit & copyright: United States Census Bureau, Wikimedia Commons. This image or file is a work of a United States Census Bureau employee, taken or made as part of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain.
October 30, 2024
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7 minFREEWork Business CurioFree4 CQ
From the BBC World Service : First, it’s the “worst of times” camp. While Germany’s economy grew unexpectedly, German-based car company Volkswagen announced ...
From the BBC World Service : First, it’s the “worst of times” camp. While Germany’s economy grew unexpectedly, German-based car company Volkswagen announced ...
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2 minFREEHumanities Word CurioFree2 CQ
Word of the Day
: October 30, 2024\SING-kruh-tiz-um\ noun
What It Means
Syncretism refers to the combining of different forms of belief or pr...
with Merriam-WebsterWord of the Day
: October 30, 2024\SING-kruh-tiz-um\ noun
What It Means
Syncretism refers to the combining of different forms of belief or pr...
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FREEScience Daily Curio #2969Free1 CQ
This miracle material really sucks…but that’s exactly what it’s supposed to do. Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a material called COF-999, and it could be the future of carbon-capturing technology. With climate change becoming more of a problem each year, the idea of capturing atmospheric carbon is starting to catch on. The problem is, capturing carbon can literally be like grasping at air. There are already some direct air capture (DAC) facilities that remove carbon from the atmosphere, but the most optimistic estimates say that it can cost between $600 and $1000 per one ton of CO2. Experts at the World Economic Forum believe that DAC would need to be $200 per ton to see widespread adoption, which would only be possible with a major breakthrough. Well, the researchers at UC Berkeley might have just made such a breakthrough with COF-999. Short for Covalent Organic Frameworks, the material is made of porous crystalline structures that give it both a high surface area and low density. When air flows over it, the material traps CO2 within its pores at an astonishing rate. According to the researchers, 200 grams of COF-999 can trap 20 kilograms of CO2, or about 100 times its own weight, making it as efficient at capturing carbon as trees. That carbon can then be released to be sequestered underground or used for industrial purposes by heating it to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Professor Omar Yaghi, who led the team of researchers, has been working to develop COF-999 since the 1990s. In a statement from UC Berkeley, he explained why it’s been so difficult to come up with a material like it: “[CO2]’s energetically demanding, you need a material that has high carbon dioxide capacity, that’s highly selective, that’s water stable, oxidatively stable, recyclable.” While COF-999 can be reused over 100 times before degrading or losing carbon capturing capacity, Yaghi believes that it can be improved upon. If that’s true, then the future’s looking cooler and cooler by the minute.
[Image description: A blue sky with a few white clouds.] Credit & copyright: Donald Tong, PexelsThis miracle material really sucks…but that’s exactly what it’s supposed to do. Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a material called COF-999, and it could be the future of carbon-capturing technology. With climate change becoming more of a problem each year, the idea of capturing atmospheric carbon is starting to catch on. The problem is, capturing carbon can literally be like grasping at air. There are already some direct air capture (DAC) facilities that remove carbon from the atmosphere, but the most optimistic estimates say that it can cost between $600 and $1000 per one ton of CO2. Experts at the World Economic Forum believe that DAC would need to be $200 per ton to see widespread adoption, which would only be possible with a major breakthrough. Well, the researchers at UC Berkeley might have just made such a breakthrough with COF-999. Short for Covalent Organic Frameworks, the material is made of porous crystalline structures that give it both a high surface area and low density. When air flows over it, the material traps CO2 within its pores at an astonishing rate. According to the researchers, 200 grams of COF-999 can trap 20 kilograms of CO2, or about 100 times its own weight, making it as efficient at capturing carbon as trees. That carbon can then be released to be sequestered underground or used for industrial purposes by heating it to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Professor Omar Yaghi, who led the team of researchers, has been working to develop COF-999 since the 1990s. In a statement from UC Berkeley, he explained why it’s been so difficult to come up with a material like it: “[CO2]’s energetically demanding, you need a material that has high carbon dioxide capacity, that’s highly selective, that’s water stable, oxidatively stable, recyclable.” While COF-999 can be reused over 100 times before degrading or losing carbon capturing capacity, Yaghi believes that it can be improved upon. If that’s true, then the future’s looking cooler and cooler by the minute.
[Image description: A blue sky with a few white clouds.] Credit & copyright: Donald Tong, Pexels -
FREEBiology Nerdy CurioFree1 CQ
Jump back, this is one scary squid! Halloween is tomorrow, so it’s only fitting to examine one of the spookiest creatures in the ocean…well, their name is spooky, at least. Vampire squids aren’t really squids—they’re in their own group of cephalopods—and they don’t drink blood. In fact, they’re the only cephalopods that don’t eat live prey at all; they prefer dead organic material. So, how did a peaceful scavenger end up with the name “vampire”? It’s all about appearances.
Vampire squids evolved from an ancestor of the octopus around 165 million years ago. They live in the deep ocean, at depths of around 1958 to 3937 feet. There isn’t much light so far down, which makes for a dark, spooky environment—at least to human eyes. When people first illuminated a vampire squid in the light of a submarine, the animals’ large eyes seemed to glow blue, and its unique tentacles, connected by a membrane, swirled like a vampire’s cloak. That's how they got their name, despite their tame lifestyle. Of course, vampire squids didn't evolve these unique traits to frighten humans, but to help them survive the extreme conditions of the deep ocean. Compared to their body size, they have some of the largest eyes of any animal, and those peepers are extremely reflective, which is why they seem to glow blue when illuminated. These eyes help the squids see in an environment with almost no light.
As for their tentacles, vampire squids have eight arms and two long appendages called filaments that can extend up to eight times their body-length. They use these to sense their environment and feel for food. Vampire squids might not be predators themselves, but plenty of other animals prey on them, from sharks and sea lions to other cephalopods. Luckily, the squids’ “cloaks” are great for startling attackers. When provoked, a vampire squid will pull its cloak over its head, exposing fleshy spikes called cirri. This makes the squid look bigger than it actually is and unappetizing (who wants to eat something spiky?) It’s a clever ruse and a fitting use of their Halloweeny appendages…though there’s never been a recorded instance of a vampire squid yelling “boo" before swimming away.
[Image description: A black-and-white illustration of a vampire squid with its tentacles spread in front of its face. Words beneath it read “Vampyroteuthis infernalis Ch. 3/1.”] Credit & copyright: Carl Chun, 1903, NOAA Photo Library, Wikimedia Commons. This image is in the public domain because it contains materials that originally came from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, taken or made as part of an employee's official duties.Jump back, this is one scary squid! Halloween is tomorrow, so it’s only fitting to examine one of the spookiest creatures in the ocean…well, their name is spooky, at least. Vampire squids aren’t really squids—they’re in their own group of cephalopods—and they don’t drink blood. In fact, they’re the only cephalopods that don’t eat live prey at all; they prefer dead organic material. So, how did a peaceful scavenger end up with the name “vampire”? It’s all about appearances.
Vampire squids evolved from an ancestor of the octopus around 165 million years ago. They live in the deep ocean, at depths of around 1958 to 3937 feet. There isn’t much light so far down, which makes for a dark, spooky environment—at least to human eyes. When people first illuminated a vampire squid in the light of a submarine, the animals’ large eyes seemed to glow blue, and its unique tentacles, connected by a membrane, swirled like a vampire’s cloak. That's how they got their name, despite their tame lifestyle. Of course, vampire squids didn't evolve these unique traits to frighten humans, but to help them survive the extreme conditions of the deep ocean. Compared to their body size, they have some of the largest eyes of any animal, and those peepers are extremely reflective, which is why they seem to glow blue when illuminated. These eyes help the squids see in an environment with almost no light.
As for their tentacles, vampire squids have eight arms and two long appendages called filaments that can extend up to eight times their body-length. They use these to sense their environment and feel for food. Vampire squids might not be predators themselves, but plenty of other animals prey on them, from sharks and sea lions to other cephalopods. Luckily, the squids’ “cloaks” are great for startling attackers. When provoked, a vampire squid will pull its cloak over its head, exposing fleshy spikes called cirri. This makes the squid look bigger than it actually is and unappetizing (who wants to eat something spiky?) It’s a clever ruse and a fitting use of their Halloweeny appendages…though there’s never been a recorded instance of a vampire squid yelling “boo" before swimming away.
[Image description: A black-and-white illustration of a vampire squid with its tentacles spread in front of its face. Words beneath it read “Vampyroteuthis infernalis Ch. 3/1.”] Credit & copyright: Carl Chun, 1903, NOAA Photo Library, Wikimedia Commons. This image is in the public domain because it contains materials that originally came from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, taken or made as part of an employee's official duties.
October 29, 2024
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8 minFREEWork Business CurioFree5 CQ
From the BBC World Service: In the Eastern European country of Georgia, thousands of people have been protesting outside of parliament in Tbilisi, saying the...
From the BBC World Service: In the Eastern European country of Georgia, thousands of people have been protesting outside of parliament in Tbilisi, saying the...
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2 minFREEHumanities Word CurioFree2 CQ
Word of the Day
: October 29, 2024\ahm-NISH-unt\ adjective
What It Means
Omniscient describes someone or something with unlimited knowledge o...
with Merriam-WebsterWord of the Day
: October 29, 2024\ahm-NISH-unt\ adjective
What It Means
Omniscient describes someone or something with unlimited knowledge o...
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FREEBiology Daily Curio #2968Free1 CQ
It’s nearly Halloween, and they’re bringing back the dead! Don’t worry, it’s not as sinister as it sounds. An international team of scientists working in China has managed to revive a pig’s brain nearly an hour after it died, a breakthrough that they hope can lead to some important medical advancements. The secret to resuscitating the brain and keeping it alive outside the body was connecting it to a liver. Working at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, researchers conducted a series of experiments on lab-raised Tibetan minipigs to analyze the effects of ischemia (restricted bloodflow) to the brain. In one group, ischemia was only induced on their brains, while in the other, ischemia was also induced on their livers. After the pigs were euthanized and their organs examined, those without ischemia on their livers showed less damage to their brains. From there, the researchers induced brain ischemia on pigs before removing the brains and attempting to revive them outside the pig’s bodies using artificial hearts and lungs. Since the liver seemed to play some role in protecting the brain, the researchers also connected each pig’s liver to the artificial heart in a process they called a liver-assisted brain normothermic machine perfusion. Researchers attempted resuscitation at different times for each brain, ranging from 30 minutes to 240 minutes using this technique, and found that they could successfully revive a brain after as long as 50 minutes. According to their findings, the key to the successful resuscitation were the ketones produced by the liver, which is crucial for brain metabolism. While this might all sound morbid, there is a compelling reason for this research. Ischemia occurs during cardiac arrest, depriving the brain of oxygen. In a matter of minutes, a patient suffering from cardiac arrest can experience permanent brain damage from the death of neurons. The researchers believe that their discovery might one day mitigate the damage caused by cardiac arrest, improving both survival rates and long term outcomes for patients. Lucky that people’s brains won’t need to be removed to receive treatment.
[Image description: A black-and-white illustration of two pigs sniffing the ground. One pig is black, the other is white.] Credit & copyright: Pearson Scott Foresman, Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.It’s nearly Halloween, and they’re bringing back the dead! Don’t worry, it’s not as sinister as it sounds. An international team of scientists working in China has managed to revive a pig’s brain nearly an hour after it died, a breakthrough that they hope can lead to some important medical advancements. The secret to resuscitating the brain and keeping it alive outside the body was connecting it to a liver. Working at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, researchers conducted a series of experiments on lab-raised Tibetan minipigs to analyze the effects of ischemia (restricted bloodflow) to the brain. In one group, ischemia was only induced on their brains, while in the other, ischemia was also induced on their livers. After the pigs were euthanized and their organs examined, those without ischemia on their livers showed less damage to their brains. From there, the researchers induced brain ischemia on pigs before removing the brains and attempting to revive them outside the pig’s bodies using artificial hearts and lungs. Since the liver seemed to play some role in protecting the brain, the researchers also connected each pig’s liver to the artificial heart in a process they called a liver-assisted brain normothermic machine perfusion. Researchers attempted resuscitation at different times for each brain, ranging from 30 minutes to 240 minutes using this technique, and found that they could successfully revive a brain after as long as 50 minutes. According to their findings, the key to the successful resuscitation were the ketones produced by the liver, which is crucial for brain metabolism. While this might all sound morbid, there is a compelling reason for this research. Ischemia occurs during cardiac arrest, depriving the brain of oxygen. In a matter of minutes, a patient suffering from cardiac arrest can experience permanent brain damage from the death of neurons. The researchers believe that their discovery might one day mitigate the damage caused by cardiac arrest, improving both survival rates and long term outcomes for patients. Lucky that people’s brains won’t need to be removed to receive treatment.
[Image description: A black-and-white illustration of two pigs sniffing the ground. One pig is black, the other is white.] Credit & copyright: Pearson Scott Foresman, Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
October 28, 2024
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2 minFREEHumanities Word CurioFree2 CQ
Word of the Day
: October 28, 2024\diss-BERSS-munt\ noun
What It Means
A disbursement is a payout of money from a fund that has been created ...
with Merriam-WebsterWord of the Day
: October 28, 2024\diss-BERSS-munt\ noun
What It Means
A disbursement is a payout of money from a fund that has been created ...
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FREEMusic Song CurioFree2 CQ
Happy almost-Halloween! Most synth-pop dance songs are all glitter and sunshine, but not the Yeah Yeah Yeah’s 2009 hit, Heads Will Roll.. In fact, it’s so spooky that it’s made appearances in several pieces of Halloween-y media, including 2015’s Goosebumps and this year’s MCU show, Agatha All Along. The song’s thumping beat, synthesizer effects, and distinct, punk-esque vocals (provided by Yeah Yeah Yeahs singer Karen O) meld into something truly macabre when combined with lyrics about dancing til’ you’re dead and heads rolling on the floor. By the time the song was released, the Yeah Yeah Yeahs were already known for their dark, alternative sound, and any song they made—even a dance song—needed to fit that vibe. In 2009, Karen O told New Musical Express, “I figured if we were going to write a dance song it should be about heads bouncing on the floor and murder and slaughter.” It was a bold choice for the band, but it certainly paid off, as the song is now a Halloween staple. Off with your head!
Happy almost-Halloween! Most synth-pop dance songs are all glitter and sunshine, but not the Yeah Yeah Yeah’s 2009 hit, Heads Will Roll.. In fact, it’s so spooky that it’s made appearances in several pieces of Halloween-y media, including 2015’s Goosebumps and this year’s MCU show, Agatha All Along. The song’s thumping beat, synthesizer effects, and distinct, punk-esque vocals (provided by Yeah Yeah Yeahs singer Karen O) meld into something truly macabre when combined with lyrics about dancing til’ you’re dead and heads rolling on the floor. By the time the song was released, the Yeah Yeah Yeahs were already known for their dark, alternative sound, and any song they made—even a dance song—needed to fit that vibe. In 2009, Karen O told New Musical Express, “I figured if we were going to write a dance song it should be about heads bouncing on the floor and murder and slaughter.” It was a bold choice for the band, but it certainly paid off, as the song is now a Halloween staple. Off with your head!
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FREEArt Appreciation Art CurioFree1 CQ
Oh, no, that kid is definitely not going trick-or-treating. 16th-century German artist Hans Holbein the Younger was renowned for his portraits, but he also had a grim fixation. His piece above, Dance of Death: The Child, depicts two people cooking food over an open fire. They are yelling with their hands on their heads as a skeleton walks out the door, leading a child by the hand. In the bottom right corner is an hourglass. Holbein made a name for himself in England by painting the Tudors, but the artist had a fascination with the theme of death throughout his career, evident in The Ambassadors, in which he depicts two wealthy men unaware of the distorted face of death beneath them. Dance of Death: The Child is part of a series of woodcuts based on a 14th-century drama. In the series, death is portrayed as an equalizing, indiscriminate force that affects the old and young, rich and poor, all alike. The drama was a reaction to the plagues that were sweeping through Europe, and in a morbid twist of fate, Holbein himself died of the plague in 1543. It seems his opinions on death weren’t unwarranted.
Dance of Death: The Child, Hans Holbein the Younger
(1497/98–1543), c. 1526, Woodcut, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio
[Image credit & copyright: Hans Holbein the Younger, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland 1929.169. Public Domain, Creative Commons Zero (CC0) designation.Oh, no, that kid is definitely not going trick-or-treating. 16th-century German artist Hans Holbein the Younger was renowned for his portraits, but he also had a grim fixation. His piece above, Dance of Death: The Child, depicts two people cooking food over an open fire. They are yelling with their hands on their heads as a skeleton walks out the door, leading a child by the hand. In the bottom right corner is an hourglass. Holbein made a name for himself in England by painting the Tudors, but the artist had a fascination with the theme of death throughout his career, evident in The Ambassadors, in which he depicts two wealthy men unaware of the distorted face of death beneath them. Dance of Death: The Child is part of a series of woodcuts based on a 14th-century drama. In the series, death is portrayed as an equalizing, indiscriminate force that affects the old and young, rich and poor, all alike. The drama was a reaction to the plagues that were sweeping through Europe, and in a morbid twist of fate, Holbein himself died of the plague in 1543. It seems his opinions on death weren’t unwarranted.
Dance of Death: The Child, Hans Holbein the Younger
(1497/98–1543), c. 1526, Woodcut, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio
[Image credit & copyright: Hans Holbein the Younger, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland 1929.169. Public Domain, Creative Commons Zero (CC0) designation. -
FREEEngineering Daily Curio #2967Free1 CQ
This would be one big bridge. People have been talking for centuries about building a bridge that spans the Strait of Messina. Such a passage would connect the island of Sicily to mainland Italy and would stand as a marvel of engineering. Now, after decades of planning, construction is set to begin soon. The proposed suspension bridge will be over two miles long, connecting the city of Messina in Sicily to the Calabria region on the mainland. As daunting as that distance may seem, the idea for such a bridge has been thrown around since the time of the ancient Romans. There’s even some evidence to suggest that they might have built a temporary bridge using barrels, but a permanent version has been out of reach for millennia. Supposedly, everyone from Charlemagne to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini envisioned a bridge to Sicily, but for naught.
As it stands, those wishing to reach the island must go by plane, boat, or train. The bridge, once completed, would reduce the trip to just a few minutes by car, and planning for the current iteration began in the 2000s under prime minister Silvio Berlusconi. In 2009, a contract for the construction was awarded to the Messina Strait Company, but canceled in 2013 by prime minister Mario Monti. The contract was then reinstated in 2022 by current prime minister Giorgia Meloni, and construction is set to begin at a staggering cost of about $5 billion USD. Proponents of the bridge say that it would allow cargo ships to offload at a harbor on Sicily and transport goods quickly over the bridge, while detractors say that it would harm the natural landscape and be vulnerable to earthquakes in the seismically active region. Of course, if it all works out, the disagreements could just be water under the bridge.
[Image description: A stylized map of Sicily in blue and ivory.] Credit & copyright: Aziz911q8, Wikimedia Commons.This would be one big bridge. People have been talking for centuries about building a bridge that spans the Strait of Messina. Such a passage would connect the island of Sicily to mainland Italy and would stand as a marvel of engineering. Now, after decades of planning, construction is set to begin soon. The proposed suspension bridge will be over two miles long, connecting the city of Messina in Sicily to the Calabria region on the mainland. As daunting as that distance may seem, the idea for such a bridge has been thrown around since the time of the ancient Romans. There’s even some evidence to suggest that they might have built a temporary bridge using barrels, but a permanent version has been out of reach for millennia. Supposedly, everyone from Charlemagne to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini envisioned a bridge to Sicily, but for naught.
As it stands, those wishing to reach the island must go by plane, boat, or train. The bridge, once completed, would reduce the trip to just a few minutes by car, and planning for the current iteration began in the 2000s under prime minister Silvio Berlusconi. In 2009, a contract for the construction was awarded to the Messina Strait Company, but canceled in 2013 by prime minister Mario Monti. The contract was then reinstated in 2022 by current prime minister Giorgia Meloni, and construction is set to begin at a staggering cost of about $5 billion USD. Proponents of the bridge say that it would allow cargo ships to offload at a harbor on Sicily and transport goods quickly over the bridge, while detractors say that it would harm the natural landscape and be vulnerable to earthquakes in the seismically active region. Of course, if it all works out, the disagreements could just be water under the bridge.
[Image description: A stylized map of Sicily in blue and ivory.] Credit & copyright: Aziz911q8, Wikimedia Commons. -
7 minFREEWork Business CurioFree4 CQ
For entrepreneurs and aspiring CEOs, one of the ultimate tests of mettle is appearing on the hit show Shark Tank , which pits high-rolling investors against ...
For entrepreneurs and aspiring CEOs, one of the ultimate tests of mettle is appearing on the hit show Shark Tank , which pits high-rolling investors against ...
October 27, 2024
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2 minFREEHumanities Word CurioFree2 CQ
Word of the Day
: October 27, 2024\yoo-SERP\ verb
What It Means
To usurp something (such as power) is to take and keep it by force and withou...
with Merriam-WebsterWord of the Day
: October 27, 2024\yoo-SERP\ verb
What It Means
To usurp something (such as power) is to take and keep it by force and withou...
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7 minFREEWork Business CurioFree4 CQ
Today’s quarterly earnings report painted a gloomy picture for the embattled aviation giant — the company reportedly lost $6 billion in the three months endi...
Today’s quarterly earnings report painted a gloomy picture for the embattled aviation giant — the company reportedly lost $6 billion in the three months endi...
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FREEUS History PP&T CurioFree1 CQ
New York is full of engineering wonders, from skyscrapers to suspension bridges, but one of the most impressive isn’t even visible above ground. The New York City subway system transports over a billion riders through the urban jungle every year. The city’s first subway system opened on this day in 1904, and since then it has continued to expand and serve an exponentially growing population.
By the late 1800s, New York City was already the most populated city in the United States. Already known as a center of commerce and culture, the city was growing quickly…and quickly running out of room. Roads were congested with horse-drawn carriages and the island borough of Manhattan was serviced by elevated railways that took up precious real estate. City planners needed a solution that would address the transportation needs of the residents without taking up what little room was left. A subway system seemed like a logical answer. After all, the world’s first underground transit system was already a proven success, as it had been operating in London since 1863. In nearby Boston, America’s first subway was finished in 1897, though it was more limited in scope and used streetcars. There had even been a limited subway line in New York City between 1870 and 1873. During those short few years, a pneumatic-powered, 18-passenger car traversed under Broadway using a 100 horsepower fan. There had been talk of expanding the line, but the technology was made obsolete by improvements in electric traction motors, and the line was soon abandoned. Indeed, the future of transit in New York City was electric, and after much lobbying from the city’s Board of Rapid Transit and financing from prominent financier August Belmont, Jr., construction on the permanent subway system began in 1900.
As construction crews dug underground, they built temporary wooden bridges over the subway tunnels to allow traffic to continue unimpeded. Not everything went so smoothly, though. Because the tunnel was close to the surface in many places, construction often involved moving existing infrastructure like gas and water lines. Some things weren’t so easy to move out of the way, such as the Columbus Monument in Central Park. One section of the tunnels had to pass through the east side of the 700-ton monument’s foundation, and simply digging through could have led to its collapse. To avoid damaging it, workers had to build a new support under the monument, slowing progress on the subway. Another major obstacle was the New York Times building, which had a pressroom below where the tunnel was to be built. So, the subway was simply built through the building with steel channels to reinforce its structure. Despite these and other engineering challenges, construction was completed just four years after it started, and the inaugural run of the city’s new transit system took place on October 27, 1904, at 2:35 PM, with Mayor George McClellan at the controls. The subway system was operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and consisted of just 9.1 miles of tracks passing through 28 stations. That may seem limited compared to today, but it was an astounding leap for commuters at the time, with IRT claiming to take passengers from “City Hall to Harlem in 15 minutes.” At 7 PM, just hours after the inaugural run, the subway was opened to the public for just a nickel per passenger. On opening day, around 100,000 passengers tried out the newly-minted subway, and that number has only grown since.
Today, New York City’s subway system has 472 stations and 665 miles of track. It’s operated by the Metropolitan Transport Authority (MTA) and serves over three million riders a day. The city’s subway system wasn’t the first, nor is it currently the largest, but it remains the only one to operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week—a feature that many New Yorkers have come to rely on. The extensive and convenient transit system allowed the city to grow throughout the 20th century, and the Big Apple might have ended up as Small Potatoes without it.
[Image description: A subway train near a sign reading “W 8 Street.”] Credit & copyright: Tim Gouw, PexelsNew York is full of engineering wonders, from skyscrapers to suspension bridges, but one of the most impressive isn’t even visible above ground. The New York City subway system transports over a billion riders through the urban jungle every year. The city’s first subway system opened on this day in 1904, and since then it has continued to expand and serve an exponentially growing population.
By the late 1800s, New York City was already the most populated city in the United States. Already known as a center of commerce and culture, the city was growing quickly…and quickly running out of room. Roads were congested with horse-drawn carriages and the island borough of Manhattan was serviced by elevated railways that took up precious real estate. City planners needed a solution that would address the transportation needs of the residents without taking up what little room was left. A subway system seemed like a logical answer. After all, the world’s first underground transit system was already a proven success, as it had been operating in London since 1863. In nearby Boston, America’s first subway was finished in 1897, though it was more limited in scope and used streetcars. There had even been a limited subway line in New York City between 1870 and 1873. During those short few years, a pneumatic-powered, 18-passenger car traversed under Broadway using a 100 horsepower fan. There had been talk of expanding the line, but the technology was made obsolete by improvements in electric traction motors, and the line was soon abandoned. Indeed, the future of transit in New York City was electric, and after much lobbying from the city’s Board of Rapid Transit and financing from prominent financier August Belmont, Jr., construction on the permanent subway system began in 1900.
As construction crews dug underground, they built temporary wooden bridges over the subway tunnels to allow traffic to continue unimpeded. Not everything went so smoothly, though. Because the tunnel was close to the surface in many places, construction often involved moving existing infrastructure like gas and water lines. Some things weren’t so easy to move out of the way, such as the Columbus Monument in Central Park. One section of the tunnels had to pass through the east side of the 700-ton monument’s foundation, and simply digging through could have led to its collapse. To avoid damaging it, workers had to build a new support under the monument, slowing progress on the subway. Another major obstacle was the New York Times building, which had a pressroom below where the tunnel was to be built. So, the subway was simply built through the building with steel channels to reinforce its structure. Despite these and other engineering challenges, construction was completed just four years after it started, and the inaugural run of the city’s new transit system took place on October 27, 1904, at 2:35 PM, with Mayor George McClellan at the controls. The subway system was operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and consisted of just 9.1 miles of tracks passing through 28 stations. That may seem limited compared to today, but it was an astounding leap for commuters at the time, with IRT claiming to take passengers from “City Hall to Harlem in 15 minutes.” At 7 PM, just hours after the inaugural run, the subway was opened to the public for just a nickel per passenger. On opening day, around 100,000 passengers tried out the newly-minted subway, and that number has only grown since.
Today, New York City’s subway system has 472 stations and 665 miles of track. It’s operated by the Metropolitan Transport Authority (MTA) and serves over three million riders a day. The city’s subway system wasn’t the first, nor is it currently the largest, but it remains the only one to operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week—a feature that many New Yorkers have come to rely on. The extensive and convenient transit system allowed the city to grow throughout the 20th century, and the Big Apple might have ended up as Small Potatoes without it.
[Image description: A subway train near a sign reading “W 8 Street.”] Credit & copyright: Tim Gouw, Pexels
October 26, 2024
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2 minFREEHumanities Word CurioFree2 CQ
Word of the Day
: October 26, 2024\kat-uh-GOR-ih-kul\ adjective
What It Means
Categorical is a synonym of absolute and definite that describe...
with Merriam-WebsterWord of the Day
: October 26, 2024\kat-uh-GOR-ih-kul\ adjective
What It Means
Categorical is a synonym of absolute and definite that describe...
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8 minFREEWork Business CurioFree5 CQ
Americans nowadays don’t agree on much, but most have one thing in common: disappointment in their government and the direction of the country. According to ...
Americans nowadays don’t agree on much, but most have one thing in common: disappointment in their government and the direction of the country. According to ...
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FREESoccer Sporty CurioFree1 CQ
Happy birthday, soccer! Soccer (or football, as it’s known in many parts of the world) became its own, distinct sport on this day in 1863, and in the process led to the creation of other, related sports. Ball games that are primarily played with the feet have been around for millennia and have existed in one form or another in just about every culture on Earth. Soccer as it is played today has its roots in Victorian England. Various, loosely-regulated versions of “football” were played throughout England’s history with rules that could vary between towns. Increased urbanization in the 19th century forced larger groups of people into smaller areas, making it more important for them to agree on a set of rules. Eventually, several football clubs in and around London came together to develop those rules, and in 1863 they printed a standardized version of them, forming the Football Association (FA) and the sport of association football. The new rules most notably forbade the use of hands to carry the ball, distinguishing it from the sport of rugby, another popular game. In time, people started using the nicknames “rugger” for rugby and “assoccer” for association football, which was shortened to “soccer.” By the late 1800s, soccer was a popular spectator sport in England that drew tens of thousands per game. In the early 1900s, the sport made its way to the U.S., where Americans developed another version of it combining elements of soccer and rugby: gridiron, or American football. It was like a football family reunion.
[Image description: A soccer ball on an empty soccer field at sunset.] Credit & copyright: Markus Spiske, Pexels
Happy birthday, soccer! Soccer (or football, as it’s known in many parts of the world) became its own, distinct sport on this day in 1863, and in the process led to the creation of other, related sports. Ball games that are primarily played with the feet have been around for millennia and have existed in one form or another in just about every culture on Earth. Soccer as it is played today has its roots in Victorian England. Various, loosely-regulated versions of “football” were played throughout England’s history with rules that could vary between towns. Increased urbanization in the 19th century forced larger groups of people into smaller areas, making it more important for them to agree on a set of rules. Eventually, several football clubs in and around London came together to develop those rules, and in 1863 they printed a standardized version of them, forming the Football Association (FA) and the sport of association football. The new rules most notably forbade the use of hands to carry the ball, distinguishing it from the sport of rugby, another popular game. In time, people started using the nicknames “rugger” for rugby and “assoccer” for association football, which was shortened to “soccer.” By the late 1800s, soccer was a popular spectator sport in England that drew tens of thousands per game. In the early 1900s, the sport made its way to the U.S., where Americans developed another version of it combining elements of soccer and rugby: gridiron, or American football. It was like a football family reunion.
[Image description: A soccer ball on an empty soccer field at sunset.] Credit & copyright: Markus Spiske, Pexels