Learn how scientists discovered DNA and determined its function, composition, and structure - and how they experimented with cloning Dolly the sheep!

Learn about electron transport phosphorylation and its role in harnessing high energy molecules to produce ATP in the last stage of cellular respiration.

Learn about the Krebs cycle and its role in producing ATP and high-energy molecules during the second of three stages in cellular respiration.

Learn about fermentation and its role in replacing cellular respiration under anaerobic conditions to produce ATP and fuel the process of glycolysis.

Learn about glycolysis and its role in breaking down glucose to produce ATP and pyruvate during the first of three stages in cellular respiration.

Learn how plant physiology affects the efficiency of photosynthesis and how the C4 and CAM pathways address issues like that of photorespiration.

Learn how the Calvin cycle uses the ATP and NADPH formed during the light reactions to generate glucose - fulfilling the ultimate purpose of photosynthesis.

Learn about the processes that take place during the photosynthesis light reactions, including how chemiosmosis drives the production of ATP.

This lesson teaches you more about photosynthesis and how plants take energy from the sun to generate ATP, NADPH, and oxygen through light reactions.

Explore light reactions, the Calvin cycle, and the equation for photosynthesis that allows plants to use carbon dioxide and energy from the sun to form glucose.